How hard will it be to defend Ukraine from Russian invasion?

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hard will it be to defend Ukraine from Russian invasion?”,”indexImage”:{“alt”:”A service member of the Ukrainian Naval Infantry Corps (Marine Corps) rides a tank during drills at a training ground in an unknown location in Ukraine, in this handout picture released February 18, 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bloody.”,”lastUpdated”:1645709144498,”firstPublished”:1645705750000,”lastPublished”:1645705750000,”analytics”:{“page”:{“name”:”news.world.europe.story.60492860.page”,”contentId”:”urn:bbc:cps:curie:asset:ccc3da37-fa89-49c8-ae7c-89eab98c7452″,”section”:”world::europe”,”producer”:”NEWS”,”additionalProperties”:{“custom_var_1″:”2022-02-24T12:29:10.000Z”,”custom_var_2″:”2022-02-24T12:29:10.000Z”,”custom_var_3″:”Russia~Ukraine+conflict~Ukraine”,”custom_var_4″:”39267b85-1784-4f4b-80ed-f8cb4a35f337~c1400025-cfb7-43cd-8489-91786486f5e3~ee8750ed-a7fb-453f-bfca-2aa8b3fb064c”}}},”site”:{“name”:”BBC News”,”uri”:”/news”},”section”:{“name”:”Europe”,”uri”:”/news/world/europe”},”timestampRelative”:”1 hour ago”,”publishedDateTime”:”2022-02-24T12:29:10.000Z”,”translations”:{“aroundTheBBC”:”Around the BBC”,”externalLinksWarningText”:”The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.”,”published”:”Published”,”relatedInternetLinks”:”Related Internet Links”,”seeAlsos”:”More on this story”,”socialEmbed”:{“instagram”:{“warningText”:null,”linkText”:null},”facebook”:{“warningText”:”The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.”,”linkText”:”View original post on Facebook”},”twitter”:{“warningText”:”The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.”,”linkText”:”View original tweet on Twitter”},”youtube”:{“warningText”:”Warning: Third party content may contain adverts”,”linkText”:null}},”tagList”:”Related Topics”,”updated”:”Updated”}},”headline”:”How hard will it be to defend Ukraine from Russian invasion?”,”content”:{“model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”image”,”model”:{“caption”:{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”The Russian armed forces dwarf those of Ukraine - and they have much more hardware and air power”,”attributes”:[]}}]}},”image”:{“alt”:”A Russian tank drives along a street in Donetsk”,”copyright”:”Reuters”,”height”:549,”width”:976,”src”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg”,”srcSet”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/BF04/production/_123400984_043461f4-7996-4965-9c0a-a6c43885b21a.jpg 976w”},”emphasiseImage”:true}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”How hard will it be for Ukraine to defend itself now that an attack by Russia has begun? Ukraine is outgunned and outnumbered right across the board - after significant investment and modernisation in Russia’s armed forces by President Putin. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”How hard will it be for Ukraine to defend itself now that an attack by Russia has begun? Ukraine is outgunned and outnumbered right across the board - after significant investment and modernisation in Russia’s armed forces by President Putin. “,”attributes”:[“bold”]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Dr Jack Watling, of the Royal United Services Institute, says: “I think the Ukrainians are in a very difficult position.” He’s just returned from Ukraine and says the country’s military leaders now face some “very hard choices”. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Dr Jack Watling, of the Royal United Services Institute, says: “I think the Ukrainians are in a very difficult position.” He’s just returned from Ukraine and says the country’s military leaders now face some “very hard choices”. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Western officials estimate that Russia had up to 190,000 troops on Ukraine’s border - far more than Ukraine’s entire regular army of 125,600.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Western officials estimate that Russia had up to 190,000 troops on Ukraine’s border - far more than Ukraine’s entire regular army of 125,600.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Russian forces are already crossing the border from multiple directions. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Russian forces are already crossing the border from multiple directions. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”image”,”model”:{“caption”:{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”The military airport at Chuhuyev near Kharkiv was among targets hit first by Russia”,”attributes”:[]}}]}},”image”:{“alt”:”Black smoke rises from a military airport in Chuhuyev near Kharkiv on February 24, 2022″,”copyright”:”Getty Images”,”height”:549,”width”:976,”src”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg”,”srcSet”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1887/production/_123397260_explosion.jpg 976w”}}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine will find it hard to defend thousands of miles of its frontier - from Belarus in the north all the way down to Crimea in the south. If you think of Ukraine as a clock face, the Russians can mount attacks from 10 o’clock to 7 o’clock. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine will find it hard to defend thousands of miles of its frontier - from Belarus in the north all the way down to Crimea in the south. If you think of Ukraine as a clock face, the Russians can mount attacks from 10 o’clock to 7 o’clock. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ben Barry, of the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) and a former British Army brigadier, says it’s a “very difficult position for a defender”. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ben Barry, of the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) and a former British Army brigadier, says it’s a “very difficult position for a defender”. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Added to that, Ukraine is being threatened in multiple directions and their forces are “spread pretty thinly”, Jack Watling of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) says.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Added to that, Ukraine is being threatened in multiple directions and their forces are “spread pretty thinly”, Jack Watling of the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) says.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”subheadline”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s dominance in the air”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s dominance in the air”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}}],”level”:2,”fontScale”:”headlineSmall”,”id”:”Russias-dominance-in-the-air”,”isFocusable”:true}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”But the real disparity between Russian and Ukrainian forces is in the sky.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”But the real disparity between Russian and Ukrainian forces is in the sky.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine has 105 combat aircraft on the border compared with Russia’s 300, Mr Watling says. The Russians, he predicts, “will very quickly gain air superiority”. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine has 105 combat aircraft on the border compared with Russia’s 300, Mr Watling says. The Russians, he predicts, “will very quickly gain air superiority”. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s advanced air defence systems, such as S-400 missiles, also gives its forces an advantage. In contrast, Ukraine has older and more limited air defences. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s advanced air defence systems, such as S-400 missiles, also gives its forces an advantage. In contrast, Ukraine has older and more limited air defences. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Watling gives the example of Israel being able to defend itself from multiple directions. But he adds it’s only been able to do so because of its superiority in the air. That’s something Ukraine simply doesn’t have. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Watling gives the example of Israel being able to defend itself from multiple directions. But he adds it’s only been able to do so because of its superiority in the air. That’s something Ukraine simply doesn’t have. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”unorderedList”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”listItem”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”LIVE:”,”attributes”:[“bold”]}},{“type”:”urlLink”,”model”:{“text”:”Follow latest developments “,”locator”:”https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-60454795″,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Follow latest developments “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”listItem”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”THE BASICS: “,”attributes”:[“bold”]}},{“type”:”urlLink”,”model”:{“text”:”What does Putin want?”,”locator”:”https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-56720589″,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”What does Putin want?”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”listItem”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”EXPLAINER:”,”attributes”:[“bold”]}},{“type”:”urlLink”,”model”:{“text”:”What sanctions are being imposed on Russia?”,”locator”:”https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60125659″,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”What sanctions are being imposed on Russia?”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Moscow has developed its own version of “shock and awe” with integrated air, missile and long-range rocket artillery, says Ben Barry. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Moscow has developed its own version of “shock and awe” with integrated air, missile and long-range rocket artillery, says Ben Barry. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”It allows the Russians to attack Ukraine’s command and control centres, ammunition depots, air force and air defences from far away.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”It allows the Russians to attack Ukraine’s command and control centres, ammunition depots, air force and air defences from far away.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”That already appears to have begun, with cruise missile attacks on targets near the capital Kyiv. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”That already appears to have begun, with cruise missile attacks on targets near the capital Kyiv. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Watling says the Russians have a very significant arsenal of modern weapons and capabilities that Ukraine doesn’t have an answer to - like the Iskander cruise and ballistic missile systems. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Watling says the Russians have a very significant arsenal of modern weapons and capabilities that Ukraine doesn’t have an answer to - like the Iskander cruise and ballistic missile systems. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine has recently received supplies of “lethal aid” from the US and the UK, but these are mostly short-range air-to-air missiles and anti-tank weapons. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine has recently received supplies of “lethal aid” from the US and the UK, but these are mostly short-range air-to-air missiles and anti-tank weapons. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”In short, Russia outguns and outranges Ukraine.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”In short, Russia outguns and outranges Ukraine.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”image”,”model”:{“image”:{“alt”:”Map showing explosions in Ukraine”,”copyright”:null,”height”:1000,”width”:1024,”src”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png”,”srcSet”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/14EC3/production/_123399658_ukraine_russian_strikes_map_24feb_640x2-nc.png 976w”}}},{“type”:”image”,”model”:{“image”:{“alt”:”1px transparent line”,”copyright”:null,”height”:1,”width”:624,”src”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png”,”srcSet”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/4BEB/production/_112953491__108802839_624_transparent-nc.png 976w”}}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”With Russia’s air superiority and long-range weapons, the danger for Ukraine’s forces is that they’ll soon be pinned down. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”With Russia’s air superiority and long-range weapons, the danger for Ukraine’s forces is that they’ll soon be pinned down. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine’s forces could be stopped from being able to manoeuvre and reposition to face the Russian advance from any other direction, Mr Watling believes.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine’s forces could be stopped from being able to manoeuvre and reposition to face the Russian advance from any other direction, Mr Watling believes.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Many of Ukraine’s best trained and equipped units are in the east of the country - near the line of control in Luhansk and Donetsk - where there’s been fighting since 2014. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Many of Ukraine’s best trained and equipped units are in the east of the country - near the line of control in Luhansk and Donetsk - where there’s been fighting since 2014. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Western intelligence officials have told the BBC there’s a real worry that Russia could try to encircle them.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Western intelligence officials have told the BBC there’s a real worry that Russia could try to encircle them.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”However, Ukraine’s armed forces are better trained and equipped than they were when Russia invaded Crimea.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”However, Ukraine’s armed forces are better trained and equipped than they were when Russia invaded Crimea.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Barry says units and soldiers have gained useful battle experience from the fight with Russian-backed separatists in the east of the country. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Mr Barry says units and soldiers have gained useful battle experience from the fight with Russian-backed separatists in the east of the country. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”But he adds they’ve mainly been involved in linear trench warfare and the demands of “manoeuvre warfare” will be much harder. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”But he adds they’ve mainly been involved in linear trench warfare and the demands of “manoeuvre warfare” will be much harder. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s forces are able to move quickly with mobile rocket and missile launchers and air defences. Russian troops, too, have been battle hardened from its invasion of Crimea, and in Syria.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia’s forces are able to move quickly with mobile rocket and missile launchers and air defences. Russian troops, too, have been battle hardened from its invasion of Crimea, and in Syria.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”subheadline”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Fighting in the cities”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Fighting in the cities”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}}],”level”:2,”fontScale”:”headlineSmall”,”id”:”Fighting-in-the-cities”,”isFocusable”:true}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”If the fighting enters Ukraine’s towns and cities then that might give Ukraine’s forces a chance. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”If the fighting enters Ukraine’s towns and cities then that might give Ukraine’s forces a chance. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”A well prepared defender can make urban fighting difficult and bloody for any attacker - as shown in Stalingrad in World War Two and more recently in Mosul in Iraq.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”A well prepared defender can make urban fighting difficult and bloody for any attacker - as shown in Stalingrad in World War Two and more recently in Mosul in Iraq.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”image”,”model”:{“caption”:{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”A woman cleans her damaged house after artillery fire from an area of Donetsk under the control of Russian-backed rebels”,”attributes”:[]}}]}},”image”:{“alt”:”A woman cleans her damaged house after artillery fire from Donetsk region under the control of pro-Russian separatists in Donbas on February 23, 2022 in Mar’inka, Ukraine.”,”copyright”:”Anadolu Agency via Getty Images”,”height”:549,”width”:976,”src”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg”,”srcSet”:”https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/835C/production/_123382633_gettyimages-1238705836.jpg 976w”}}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ben Barry believes that Russian forces may initially try to bypass towns and cities. But he believes it’s very unlikely that the Russians can avoid urban combat, not least in Kyiv given its political significance. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ben Barry believes that Russian forces may initially try to bypass towns and cities. But he believes it’s very unlikely that the Russians can avoid urban combat, not least in Kyiv given its political significance. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Jack Watling says if Ukraine can defend its cities properly then they might be able to hold out for quite a long time. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Jack Watling says if Ukraine can defend its cities properly then they might be able to hold out for quite a long time. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”British-supplied light anti-tank weapons (also known as NLAWs) may help in close combat where Ukrainian forces can move around using the cover of buildings. An unknown number of civilians could also take up arms. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”British-supplied light anti-tank weapons (also known as NLAWs) may help in close combat where Ukrainian forces can move around using the cover of buildings. An unknown number of civilians could also take up arms. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia cannot just rely on airstrikes and artillery to control towns and cities.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Russia cannot just rely on airstrikes and artillery to control towns and cities.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”But Mr Watling says Russia already has agents and operatives on the ground. He says “there will be subversion and unconventional operations in Kyiv to try and destabilise the government”. Russia, he adds, will also try to encircle cities and use long-range artillery to target pockets of resistance and then try to use special forces and agents to “essentially murder civil society leaders”.”,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”But Mr Watling says Russia already has agents and operatives on the ground. He says “there will be subversion and unconventional operations in Kyiv to try and destabilise the government”. Russia, he adds, will also try to encircle cities and use long-range artillery to target pockets of resistance and then try to use special forces and agents to “essentially murder civil society leaders”.”,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine is now fighting for its survival. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Ukraine is now fighting for its survival. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”It’s been engaged in combat with Russian-backed forces in the east for the past eight years, but the threat is now an existential one for the entire country. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”It’s been engaged in combat with Russian-backed forces in the east for the past eight years, but the threat is now an existential one for the entire country. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”text”,”model”:{“blocks”:[{“type”:”paragraph”,”model”:{“text”:”Having just visited Ukraine, Mr Watling says there is a “grim determination to survive as a country, but there is a recognition that they are overmatched and that it’s going to be exceedingly bloody”. “,”blocks”:[{“type”:”fragment”,”model”:{“text”:”Having just visited Ukraine, Mr Watling says there is a “grim determination to survive as a country, but there is a recognition that they are overmatched and that it’s going to be exceedingly bloody”. “,”attributes”:[]}}]}}]}},{“type”:”include”,”model”:{“type”:”vj”,”href”:”/include/newsspec/30245-gallery_factory/english/newsspec-33047?responsive=true&newsapps=true&app-image=https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/16B9F/production/_123378039_app-launcher_ukraine.png&app-clickable=true&amp-clickable=true&amp-image-height=360&amp-image-width=640&amp-image=https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/16B9F/production/_123378039_app-launcher_ukraine.png&app-image-alt-text=Click%20or%20tap%20here%20to%20see%20interactive%20content”,”html”:”u003cscript>n window.vjConfigObject = window.vjConfigObject || {};n window.vjConfigObject[‘newsspec-30245-gallery_factory-newsspec-33047’] = {“js”:true,”output”:{“wrapper”:”embed”},”name”:”newsspec-33047″,”version”:”1.0.0″,”urlToOutputDir”:”https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/newsspec/30245-gallery_factory”,”assetsPath”:”https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/newsspec/30245-gallery_factory/assets/newsspec-33047-project-assets”,”includeName”:”newsspec-33047″,”language”:”english”,”languageCode”:”en”,”loremText”:[“Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. 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Press to pause”,”button_label_replay”:”play gallery from the start”,”button_label_next”:”go to the next slide”,”button_label_back”:”go to the previous slide”,”gallery_1-title”:”Simple guide to Ukraine crisis in maps”,”gallery_1-skip_link”:”Skip image gallery”,”gallery_1-call_to_action”:”Tap or click to go through the gallery”,”gallery_1-speed”:”8500″,”gallery_1-source”:””,”gallery_1-end_of_gallery”:”End of image gallery”,”gallery_1-ignore”:”Please translate these phrases too:”,”gallery__slide_2-alt”:”Map showing Ukraine and Russia”,”gallery__slide_2-caption”:”Ukraine is in Eastern Europe and shares a border with Russia. 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rel=”stylesheet” href=”https://news.files.bbci.co.uk/include/newsspec/30245-gallery_factory/assets/embed/css/inline.css??v=1.0.0.202202241146″>nu003cdiv id=”responsive-embed-newsspec-30245-gallery_factory-newsspec-33047″ class=”bbc-news-vj-embed-wrapper”>n u003cdiv id=”responsive-embed-newsspec-30245-gallery_factory-newsspec-33047-core-content”>n u003cdiv class=”gel-wrap”>n u003cdiv class=”gel-layout”>n u003cdiv class=”gel-layout__item gel-1/1″>n n u003cdiv class=”gallery__container ” data-speed=”8500″>n u003ch2 class=”gallery__main-header”>Simple guide to Ukraine crisis in mapsu003c/h2>n u003ca href=”#gallery__end” class=”gallery__skip-link”>Skip image galleryu003c/a>n u003cp class=”gallery__cta” role=”presentation”>Tap or click to go through the galleryu003c/p>n u003cul class=”gallery__content”>n n u003cli class=”gallery__slide”>n u003cfigure class=”figure”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__content-container”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__img-container”>n u003cimg class=”figure__img”n width=”1280″n height=”1050″n src=”https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/25E1/production/_123379690_ukraine_swipey_gr01_2x640-nc.png”n alt=”Map showing Ukraine and Russia” />n u003c/div>n u003cfigcaption class=”figure__figcaption figure__figcaption-align-left figure__figcaption-text-dark figure__figcaption-background-light”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__figcaption__caption-container”>n u003cspan class=”off-screen”>Image caption:u003c/span> n u003cspan class=”figure__figcaption__display”>Ukraine is in Eastern Europe and shares a border with Russia. It used to be part of the Soviet Union but became an independent country in 1991.u003c/span>n u003c/div>n u003c/figcaption>n u003c/div>n u003c/figure>n u003c/li>n n n n u003cli class=”gallery__slide”>n u003cfigure class=”figure”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__content-container”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__img-container”>n u003cimg class=”figure__img”n width=”1280″n height=”1050″n src=”https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/4CF1/production/_123379691_ukraine_swipey_gr02_2x640-nc.png”n alt=”Map showing Nato members in Europe” />n u003c/div>n u003cfigcaption class=”figure__figcaption figure__figcaption-align-left figure__figcaption-text-dark figure__figcaption-background-light”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__figcaption__caption-container”>n u003cspan class=”off-screen”>Image caption:u003c/span> n u003cspan class=”figure__figcaption__display”>It also borders several other countries that are members of Nato, a defensive military alliance formed after World War Two.u003c/span>n u003c/div>n u003c/figcaption>n u003c/div>n u003c/figure>n u003c/li>n n n n u003cli class=”gallery__slide”>n u003cfigure class=”figure”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__content-container”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__img-container”>n u003cimg class=”figure__img”n width=”1280″n height=”1050″n src=”https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/151EA/production/_123360568_ukraine_swipey_gr03_2x640-nc.png”n alt=”Map showing Crimea, in the south of Ukraine” />n u003c/div>n u003cfigcaption class=”figure__figcaption figure__figcaption-align-left figure__figcaption-text-dark figure__figcaption-background-light”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__figcaption__caption-container”>n u003cspan class=”off-screen”>Image caption:u003c/span> n u003cspan class=”figure__figcaption__display”>President Putin sees Ukraine as historically part of Russia. In 2014, Russia invaded Crimea, in the south of Ukraine, and continues to occupy it.u003c/span>n u003c/div>n u003c/figcaption>n u003c/div>n u003c/figure>n u003c/li>n n n n u003cli class=”gallery__slide”>n u003cfigure class=”figure”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__content-container”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__img-container”>n u003cimg class=”figure__img”n width=”1280″n height=”1050″n src=”https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/11D7F/production/_123378037_ukraine_swipey_gr04_2x640-nc.png”n alt=”Map showing the Luhansk and Donetsk regions in eastern Ukraine” />n u003c/div>n u003cfigcaption class=”figure__figcaption figure__figcaption-align-left figure__figcaption-text-dark figure__figcaption-background-light”>n u003cdiv class=”figure__figcaption__caption-container”>n u003cspan class=”off-screen”>Image caption:u003c/span> n u003cspan class=”figure__figcaption__display”>Since 2014, Russian-backed separatists and Ukraine’s armed forces have been fighting a war in the eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk in 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